Yes / No / Not Given can ask whether the writer holds an opinion-as-claim, not whether a fact is true in the world. Yes means the writer asserts that claim. No means the writer asserts the opposite. Not Given means the writer never takes a position on that claim — a related fact or a cited study is not enough. Do not treat the item as True / False / Not Given about the topic, and do not run a “whose claim is this” hunt; that is a different job. Find the sentence that shows the writer’s stance, then stop. This is not the YNNG-versus-TFNG type page. Practice IELTS is Writing and Reading only. Scores are practice estimates, not official bands.
Take 1 free scored test (Writing or Reading) at https://practice-ielts.com. Then $14.99 for 3 months of Writing + Reading. Not official IELTS.